Against Facebook

Alarm goes off, time to wake up. Snooze alarm, and then repeat: check email, check Facebook, check Twitter, check Snapchat, rinse; repeat again; no new posts? Check again. No second spared to compose a thought; dreams fade away. Day continues just the same way — rise, rinse, repeat, repeat. Can’t spare time to sit and relax, can’t let your mind wander not five minutes, no unstructured thought or daydream; just repeat. Every moment captures value — must increase engagement! must repeat! —no time for grander narratives, to solve for bigger problems. Atomize attention into smaller slice of microwork, then catch up, read, listen, swipe right, repeat, like, pull-to-refresh, to scroll to infinity, and then again. No matter if you’re pulling espresso shots, serving tables, or playing with computers all day: they all end the same: Netflix & chill, the guardian of sleep, TV, our collective lullaby. Wake up with screens, go to bed with screens. We no longer shit alone. The death of idleness.

This essay explores the ways Facebook transforms our attention into a product, and how that transformation changes us. It then proposes a social media strike as a concrete strategy to reclaim our attention, and finally lists many reasons why we should all quit Facebook.

The Commodification of Microwork

Social media companies like Facebook, Google, Twitter and Snapchat have created a marketplace for our attention, where we become the product sold to advertisers who subtly change our behavior to buy products and services for their own benefit. This type of persuasion is most effective when these platforms command our attention with a heightened level of distraction. We create the content that is then used to command the attention of our peers, which is then used to sell advertising space while the surrounding content is measured for engagement, and the results are analyzed to optimize the next round of ad placement. This process is the commodification of microwork— the seemingly small tasks that we are compelled to do by force of habit, tasks that aren’t in our own interests but in the interests of the platforms and advertisers using our attention and time to pad their bottom lines. Also known as “heteromation” (Ekbia, Nardi, 2014), microwork includes reading timelines, posting photos & updates, liking, retweeting, and generally dedicating our time, attention, and emotions to these platforms—each tiny action its own form of labor, given over freely to the advertisers.

The new media of surveillance capitalism solicit social behaviors, monitor those behaviors, map social interactions, and resell what they learn to advertisers and others.

Platforms like Facebook are attempting to create systems for the generation of distraction, Crary describes it as follows:

conditions that individuate, immobilize, and separate subjects, even within a world in which mobility and circulation are ubiquitous. In this way attention becomes key to the operation of noncoercive forms of power.

Over time, these systems continually push our attention and distraction to new limits and thresholds. Youtube & Netflix discovered that auto-playing the next related video dramatically increases views (Bridle, 2017); Twitter uses the “pull-to-refresh” UI gesture that leverages variable rewards to trigger addictive behavior as a way to increase user engagement with the timeline; Facebook uses the “red dot” notifications that keep people checking their phone for the next new thing. These gadgets are designed to create a “supernormal stimulus,” that is, a stimulus that produces a stronger than natural response. We can even internalize the supernormal stimulus—an example is the “phantom vibrate” we sometimes feel in our pocket when no vibration occurs. In the case of social media, the supernormal stimulus is used to exploit our response to novelty in order to elicit a behavior that works in the interests of the social media provider.

This eventually leads to a crisis of attentiveness, where the system must maintain an increased level of distraction. In order to continually distract us, the visual landscape must constantly change, requiring us to reorient our attention until the shift from one thing to another becomes the natural state (e.g. the Instagram “Explore” tab). These systems are training our brain to glance and skim, reading only a few sentences, watching increasingly shortened clips, and continually shifting focus to the next snippet in a continual route to novelty instead of focus.

Over time, we could begin to value our attention while the platforms struggle to get more and more of what they previously got for free. This may not be sustainable, as newer products need to continually revolutionize the means of distraction else we realize how distracted we truely are. It is only through a return to focus that we may ever achieve self actualization.

This process of commodification has turned us all into tastemakers, reviewers, likers, retweeters and brand ambassadors. The platform takes our real authentic friendships and first commodifies them, reifies them, and then sells them back to us as an “image of friendship”, but one that is bankrupt of any genuine social value. Over time, these platforms transform us all into unpaid advertising agencies. We promote goods, services, lifestyles and desires to our friends, weaponizing images to generate feelings of jealousy and FOMO amongst our peers during those idle moments when they feel most bored. These idle moments are when we are most vulnerable, and thus we’re psychologically primed to accept the supernormal stimulus. The platform capitalizes on this vulnerability, and over time begins to redefine what we once considered “real” friendship into a relationship with the platform itself, mediated by the features and “images of friendship” within it through Liked and Retweeted posts, Snapchat streaks, Follow requests, posted text, images or even how we reduce our emotions into a series of emoji (Smith, 2016).

In this way, the platform is able to monetize our friendships, tastes, opinions, and even our emotions. Our internal thoughts and experiences become commodifiable assets, measured as engagements to be analyzed, A-B tested, optimized and charted, then touted by executives in PowerPoint presentations at board meetings. Our experiences are mined, packaged, and sold, and we are not paid a dime.

No rest, no meditation, no reflection, no conversation—the senses are continually overloaded with stimuli. Man Doesn’t learn to question his world anymore; The screen offers him answers already made.

Instead of blindly activating our social media habit for that quick dopamine fix, consider who actually benefits. Are you performing a microwork task for Facebook or Snapchat? If so, then why aren’t you being paid?

What They Say vs What They Do

Newspapers, cable news, and social media platforms are trying to turn us all into media addicts. These businesses rely on persuading us to consume more and more (keyword: “increase engagement”) in order to curate an “interest in current affairs” (e.g. New York Times) or to “build meaningful and connected relationships with our community” (e.g. Facebook.)

The reality of the media, however, is driven by a simple business rule: Sell what sells best, the supernormal stimuli: whether it’s clickbait, memes, curated lifestyles, celebrity gossip, salacious headlines, and freak events. In the drive to maximize profit, these organizations are required to maximize content engagement, and the kind of content engages users the most is content that enrages, shocks, content that’s absurd, grotesque, weird, or funny, content that exposes the horrible, or content with threatening policies. The media tends to focus on the rare incidents that have no actual influence on our daily lives, and the goal of these platforms is to keep us addicted. This attentiveness to negativity is then reinforced to the point of addiction, and addiction to negativity turns to depression and teaches us learned helplessness. Quoting media researcher Dobelli “When we tune into the news, we are constantly confronted with unresolved problems and the narrative does not inspire much hope that they will ever be solved.” (Dobelli, 2020)

When it comes to engagement, Facebook’s 2017 Annual Report makes it clear:

The increase in the ads delivered was driven by an increase in users and their engagement and an increase in the number and frequency of ads displayed on News Feed, partially offset by increasing user engagement with video content and other product changes.

We think we’re immune to the persuasiveness of advertising, but remember, advertising is a $600 billion dollar industry that is the financial basis of the tech sector. The massive profits these companies have built have been done so on the backs of advertising campaigns.

Facebook’s (and Google’s, etc.) real agenda is to display and sell ads—not to help people “build meaningful and connected relationships.” At no point was this more clear than during Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony before Congress. When Senator Hatch asked him, “How do you sustain a business model in which people don’t pay for your service?” his response was as straightforward as it could’ve been: “Senator, we run ads.” (NBC News, 2018).

“Building Relationships” is the rationale used in order to serve the advertisements, but the advertisements themselves are the real content of these platforms. The business arrangement of the platform is a simple one: ads are the content, the advertisers are the clients, the user doing microwork tasks are the workers, and our future behaviors are the product.

As a result, we end up building relationships to the platform—not to each other.

Through the investment of our attention, we allow the commodities and ideologies of the platform to bombard our unconscious and subtly shape our behavior. The process of “exchanging time for image, provides the counterflow to the moving image and as advertising revenues would indicate, is itself productive of value.” (Beller 2006, p.79)

Facebook’s nearly one billion users have become the largest unpaid workforce in history.

The intended effect the media wishes to create is media-driven neuroticism—a love of change for its own sake, or neomania, a love of new things. Ultimately, neomania together with the media has a negative effect on our moods, which isn’t surprising considering most of what makes the daily news is negative. This leaves us feeling powerless, like the world is falling apart. So we turn to social media to witness the (seemingly) beautiful lives of celebrities, and the romantic and exciting lives of our friends and family. But this ends up driving the compulsion to compare our own lives with those of the people we see on social media, creating feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, and jealousy. These feelings are misguided however, since the lives we see in the media and social platforms are a tightly edited and curated spectacle of people presenting an image of how they want to appear, not of how they actually are.

Practical Defense Against Unpaid Microwork

Today it’s popular to hear about the media detox or a social media diet. The concept is often framed as a metaphor for eating and weight loss. We can extend this metaphor to consider the microwork tasks we find ourselves doing on a daily basis. Are the habits and media and we consume daily like the healthy foods that we can use to build a healthy mind and body? Or will they ultimately poison us? To live a healthy life we should moderate our media consumption the same way we do with the things we eat.

The toxicity of the media can be understood as a signal-to-noise problem. The more media we consume, the more noise we get (rather than the valuable part, called the signal.) If we consume the news on a yearly basis (in the form of books), we can assume about half of what we consume is signal, and the rest noise (randomness). If we increase our frequency to a daily intake, the composition would increase to about 95% noise, and only 5% signal. If we increase our intake to an hourly frequency (as those who follow the stock market or heavy social media users do) the composition increases to 99.5% noise and 0.5% signal. This is roughly 200% more noise than signal, more toxic noise to both misdirect and distract, and has negative effects on our mood.

Distraction could be described as a phenomenon in which you connect, inadvertently or absentmindedly, to more things than you intended. The noise drowns out the signal.

A practical approach for a healthy relationship with the media we consume is to create distance between ourselves and the media that surrounds us on a daily basis. Distance creates an opportunity to gain new perspectives on the media (and life in general). This distance reduces the influence of these platforms, and creates a space for our ideas and imagination to flourish.

Idleness and imagination are essential to our wellbeing, they’re the wellspring of mental clarity, and the backstop for memory. Take a few minutes each day to cultivate idleness and some mental space. Step away from the hourly, daily, weekly media cycle, and read books instead. Books benefit from the perspective of time, which results in more settled and established facts with increased depth of analysis. If our goal is to have a wider perspective, and a balanced understanding of the major forces at work in the world, our best bet is to read good books.

This essay gives us the task of avoiding contact with the mundane, cheap, and ephemeral media that surrounds us on a daily basis; to avoid having our attention distracted, redirected, exploited, and abused against our own interests. We should ignore those things that bring no happiness or value to our lives. Instead, we should focus our attention on our imagination, quality thought, friends and family, idleness; on things that matter. We should explore effective ways to reclaim clarity of thought, and autonomy of attention.

The task is to change the very way we attend the world around us. Henry David Thoreau described a similar mental recalibration in Life Without Principle:

If we have thus desecrated ourselves, — as who has not? — the remedy will be by wariness and devotion to reconsecrate ourselves, and make once more a fane of the mind. We should treat our minds, that is, ourselves, as innocent and ingenuous children, whose guardians we are, and be careful what objects and what subjects we thrust on their attention. Read not the Times. Read the Eternities.

This essay proposes the survivorship bias as the criteria to determine which media to ignore as mundane, cheap, and ephemeral. Survivorship sets the focus on knowledge that has withstood the test of time; Nicholas Taleb makes the following recommendation in Antifragile:

“[read] as little as feasible from the last twenty years, except history books that are not about the last fifty years. […what most people do] is read timely material that becomes instantly obsolete.

Aaron Swartz had similar sentiments:

Its obsession with the criminal and the deviant makes us less trusting people. Its obsession with the hurry of the day-to-day makes us less reflective thinkers. Its obsession with surfaces makes us shallow.

Survivorship is a simple heuristic with which to judge media, be it books, news, social media, television, academic journal articles or even video games. A clickbait article can go viral and get millions of views the first day it’s published, but according to the survivorship bias, its newness means that it’s likely to be obsolete the next day. Rather than trying to judge for yourself if media is worth your attention, try letting the survivorship bias do the work for you.

The survivorship bias has a few knock-on effects that are worth mentioning. Media tends to be discounted as it ages. Video games are always on sale a few months and especially years after they’ve been released; Books and movies are always cheaper well after their release as well; Newspapers are free the day after they were published; and so on. Beyond saving our attention from instantly obsolete media, we will also be saving money simply by waiting long enough. With time also comes more in-depth analysis from the surrounding community; reviews and deep interpretations of the rich meaning behind film and video games benefit from the additional time it takes for this analysis to blossom. This cultural analysis isn’t available to those following the cult-of-the-new.

Media Consumption Strike

Now that we understand how the territory of our attention has been colonized, we can begin to resist. Our challenge is to put the following strategies in practice until they form new habits that encourage idleness and mental spaciousness. We have the tools to reclaim our time and imaginations, we must take action!

The inadvertent laboring towards the propagation of the spectacle is another example of the ways that the spectacle takes advantage of its subordination of the masses. It is a process to which they have no control other than to renounce image culture completely which in a hyperreal world is almost inconceivable.

Any efforts to reform the practices that produce the addictive symptoms of the attention economy will fail to address the underlying structures of late capitalism that created these markets—namely, market fundamentalism, technologic determinism, deregulation, and privatization (Tanner, 2018).

Given that; we propose a collective media consumption strike, and rather than allowing our attention to be driven by these platforms, we must direct our attention to the things that matter to us.

The rules can be simple:

• No advertising-sponsored TV or Youtube
• No commercial radio, news, or news aggregation
• No commercial social media, delete your Facebook account

This is not a holier-than-thou asceticism, but a refusal to have our attention destroyed and exploited. Don’t be a fundamentalist about the rules. Rules are meant to be broken. If it’s art, the rules are more loose; if it’s corporate media, more strict. Cinema, literature, sci-fi, comic books, indie games (or board games): as long as these types of works are not connected with our professional, interpersonal, or political responsibilities, use them in moderation. In general, make sure media consumption is done with more moderation than usual. The goal is to break your habits.

Many people work with computers for their job. Most aren’t privileged enough to be able to completely disconnect from work. Work-related email, messaging, and work-related browsing are out of scope for the strike by necessity—but do please try to prevent any non-work related web browsing or media consumption. Don’t use work as an excuse to view social media or browse the web. Academic journal articles and the like will be hard to avoid, but ask yourself if they would pass the survivorship bias after a few years.

Enable Do Not Disturb on your phone. This will establish designated mental space for ourselves, friends, and family. Most smartphones have rules that can automatically put the device into Do Not Disturb mode at set times. In Android and iOS, this is available by going to Settings and searching for Do Not Disturb preferences. Do Not Disturb is also available in macOS as well.

Remove anything that provides variable information rewards. These are features in apps and games designed to give a random, pleasant surprise—to create addiction. Slot machines are designed to do this; social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and video games like Candy Crush use “loot crates” to achieve the same result. Email can operate similarly. Turn off the red Notification dot on all your apps.

Remove Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter, Slack, Instagram, Youtube and any other commercial social media apps from your devices. This makes it tougher to have instant access to these forms of media since it’s not immediately at your fingertips. Don’t cheat and use the web interface. Disable notifications for any apps that you keep. Turn off all lock screen notifications, this also improves privacy. Remove any of the other chat apps from your smartphone: Snapchat, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Mastodon, Viber. If our friends need to reach us, they can text or call. We should be the masters of our own time, and our network of friends isn’t in control of our time. Our inbox isn’t the world’s way to add items to our TODO list.

Remove any Bookmarks or Recently Viewed sites from your browser to prevent 1-click-away sites from distracting us. Some software like SelfControl will block habitual sites for you. Reddit, BuzzFeed, Upworthy, Medium are great sites to block.

Try to limit checking email to once a day. Set a schedule at a set time, and stick to it. Do the same for messaging. Set an auto-responder if that helps reduce anxiety.

Tell your friends why you are leaving commercial social media, make it clear that your reason to leave is political, and not because you’re ignoring them. Give your friends a direct way of reaching you.

The idea behind this practice is to stop the urge to immediately unlock our phone whenever we have idle time. Our idle time should be owned by us.

Conclusion

The net effect these platforms have on us is to alienate us from our very lives. Instead of focusing on what is valuable and good, we tend to focus on what we lack, or what we’re missing out on. If we divest ourselves from this tendency, ignore the rare incidents and ephemeral content that has no actual relevance to our daily lives, the net effect is beneficial to our mind and spirit. The resulting autonomy of attention can allow us to connect to the people and environments around us, and reclaim our very imaginations.

0xADADA is a software developer working for AI and web related startups in Boston; graduated from Northeastern University with degrees in Computer Science and Cognitive Psychology. 0xADADAs’ Facebook account was created in 2004 and deleted in 2015.

Appendix: Reasons to Quit Facebook

The ideological rationale that keeps platforms like Facebook profiting from the commodification of our attention and the collection of our private data lacks common courtesy at best, and is psychopathic at worst. Here we present our Airing of Grievances, a listicle of the top reasons to quit Facebook.

Facebook outsources data exploitation for political manipulation to companies like Cambridge Analytica. (Cadwalladr, Graham-Harrison, 2018).

Facebook has democratized surveillance, where we have normalized reporting upon the intimate details of the status of our friends and family. (e.g. “X got engaged to Y”, “Tagged my friend A in this photo, at location X”, “B works at company C.”).

Without privacy, people resort to self-censorship, and therefore remove any aspect of political action or critique from themselves, thus becoming normalized to political impotence. (Assange, Appelbaum, Müller-Maguhn, Zimmermann, 2012).

Former founding President Sean Parker, along with former vice-president of user growth Chamath Palihapitiya have both objected to Facebook’s use of dopamine-driven feedback loops to increase addictive behavior. (Hern, 2018).

Former Chief Information Security Officer Alex Stamos resigned from Facebook over an internal disagreement in how much Facebook should publicly share about how nation-states used the platform in the run-up to the 2016 elections. (Perlroth, Frenkel, Shane, 2018).

Co-founder of WhatsApp (acquired by Facebook) Brian Acton has said people should #DeleteFacebook. (Newton, 2018).

Co-founder of WhatsApp Jan Koum, is planning to leave the company after clashing with its parent, Facebook, over the popular messaging service’s strategy and Facebook’s attempts to use its personal data and weaken its encryption. (Dwoskin, 2018).

Facebook correlates data from loyalty program providers (e.g. Walgreens cards from Nielsen-Catalina Solutions) who have access to brick-and-mortar purchase history with individual Facebook accounts. Companies like Johnson & Johnson can buy this data from the broker and use Facebook tools to target individual users for ads promoting products they’ve previously purchased. (Stern, 2018).

Facebook has been fined for breaking privacy laws in the EU for using cookies, and social plugins. (Lomas, 2018).

Facebook’s corporate policy is based on growth and engagement at any cost. (Malik, 2018).

Facebook’s Protect VPN product is collecting users’ mobile data traffic and sending it back to Facebook. (Perez, 2018).

Facebook hired a full time pollster to monitor Mark Zuckerberg’s approval ratings and develop strategies to change public perceptions. (Newton, 2018).

Facebook’s network “is large enough and deep enough to create a global census that can ‘see’ nearly everyone on the planet, even if they don’t have a Facebook account.” says John Robb, a former counter-terrorism operative in US Special Operations Command. He goes on to say, this will “enable real-time tracking on nearly everyone on the planet using smartphone GPS data and ancillary information”. (Ahmed, 2017).

“Facebook’s business is to simulate you and to own and control your simulation, thereby owning and controlling you.” (Balkan, 2017).

Facebook has experimented with removing popular news outlets from the Feed in poor countries including Sri Lanka, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cambodia, Serbia and Slovakia. (Hern, 2017).

Former Facebook platform team Operations Manager Sandy Parakilas claims the company prioritized data collection of its users over protecting them from abuse. (Parakilas, 2017).

Facebook Likes can be leveraged to reliably predict intelligence, personality traits and politics. (Hess, 2017).

Facebook uses messages and contact details of our friends and other Facebook users to build a shadow profile of us that makes it easier for Facebook to more completely map all our social connections. (Hill, 2017).

Facebook still knows what you typed before [and after] you hit delete. (Boykis, 2017).

Facebook will tag your face in any photos uploaded from any users. (Boykis, 2017).

Facebook became 45% of all referral sources of traffic between 2014 and 2017. This has an enormous influence on what people see on the web, making the web more centralized upon Facebook. (Staltz, 2017).

Facebook is filing patents to detect and use emotion to influence users’ behaviors. (CB Insights, 2017).

Facebook uses gamification to incentivize us to keep checking how many Likes our posts have gotten. A narcissism reinforcement machine. (Dillet, 2017).

Facebook uses nostalgia, birthdays, and sentimentality to manipulate us to increase engagement. (Frost, 2017).

Facebook’s Like button (seen on almost every site on the web) isn’t just there to make it easy to post that page on Facebook, but it also provides a hook for Facebook to track your visit to that site, and thus collect your entire web browsing history. (Satyal, 2017).

Facebook revealed the identities of its own content censors to suspected terrorists. (Solon, 2017).

When Facebook has trouble acquiring users in specific markets, it simply buys the companies that dominate those markets (e.g. Instagram, WhatsApp and Oculus). (Srnicek, 2017).

Facebook owns a patent to use our devices’ camera to gauge our emotional state from our facial expression, to better to target us with content and advertising. (Dowling, 2017).

Facebook prevents search indexing, so content posted on Facebook is only discoverable within Facebook. (Gruber, 2017).

Facebook fragments the public debate into filter-bubbles, and users segmented into one bubble will never see the news and information in another bubble, separating society along ideological lines. (Lanchester, 2017).

Facebook can identify when teens feel “insecure”, “worthless” and “need a confidence boost” in order to keep them hooked. (Lewis,. Machkovech, 2017).

The data we give Facebook is used to calculate our ethnic affinity, sexual orientation, political affiliation, social class, travel schedule and much more. (Miller, 2017).

Facebook buys personal data from various data brokers, and correlates it to Facebook profile data to build aggregated profiles that span multiple sources. (Angwin, 2016).

Facebook News team suppressed conservative news items. (Nunez, 2016).

Facebook prevented News Team curators from listing Facebook on their resume in order to make the organization seem like it was unbiased and AI-driven. (Nunez, 2016).

Facebook can use your name and photo to endorse products and services to your social network without your knowledge. (Tucker, 2016).

Facebook is the television of the web, letting us passively scroll through content that we’d probably like, based on our habits and things we’ve already Liked, putting us in comfort bubbles that are more isolating than physical walls. (Derakhshan, 2016).

Facebook creates an illusion of choice, but by shaping the menus we pick from, it hijacks the way we perceive our choices and replaces them with new ones that aren’t in our best interests but serve the interests of Facebook. (Harris, 2016).

Facebook Likes, status updates, and pages we visit are “more reliable” in predicting mental illness. (Reynolds, 2016).

Facebook uses intermittent variable rewards, used in slot machines to maximize addictiveness, by linking an action we take (pull-to-refresh) and a random reward (e.g. new posts!). (Harris, 2016).

Facebook convinces us that we’re missing out on something important, when in reality we’re not. (Harris, 2016).

Facebook abuses our need for social approval, validation, and the need to belong in order to increase engagement. (Harris, 2016).

Facebook abuses our need to reciprocate the social gestures of others. (E.g. the need to Friend someone back who has Friended you). (Harris, 2016).

Facebook abuses our attention with immediate interruptions because studies have shown it increases engagement. (Harris, 2016).

Facebook abuses our intentions by hijacking our tasks with the needs of the platform. For example, when you want to look up a Facebook event happening tonight, the app doesn’t allow us to access the event without first redirecting us to the News feed. (Harris, 2016).

Facebook makes it easy for us to handover self-incriminating data that can be used against us by law-enforcement. (Clark, 2016).

Facebook blocked the account of activist Shaun King after he posted a racist email that was sent to him. (Stallman, 2016).

Facebook enforces a real name policy, allowing corporations and nation-states to be able to connect users’ accounts with their real identity. This is dangerous for marginalized people, and makes them vulnerable to blackmail lest their real identities be exposed. The real name policy forces people to have a single identity when in reality people have flexible identities that change depending on social context. Using one’s real name inhibits one from experimenting with alternative identities, limiting personal growth to normative concepts of identity. (Stallman, 2016).

Facebook has censored posts for Israel, Russia, China, Turkey, the UK, and routinely suppresses content for political reasons using algorithmic promotion and depromotion. (Stallman, 2016).

On the web, hyperlinks are freely swapped to enable the cross-pollination of information and a diversity of decentralized ideas. On Facebook, each post exists unto itself, often accessible only within Facebook amongst ones “Friends of Friends”. “instead of seeing [hyperlinks] as a way to make that text richer. You’re encouraged to post one single hyperlink and expose it to a quasi-democratic process of liking and plussing and hearting: Adding several links to a piece of text is not allowed. Hyperlinks are objectivized, isolated, stripped of their powers”. (Derakhshan, 2015).

Facebook hurts the power of the website: “the Stream means you don’t need to open so many websites any more. You don’t need numerous tabs. You don’t even need a web browser. You open Twitter or Facebook on your smartphone and dive deep in. The mountain has come to you. Algorithms have picked everything for you. According to what you or your friends have read or seen before, they predict what you might like to see.” (Derakhshan, 2015).

Facebook (even more so, Instagram) is the cul de sac of the internet. It’s where content can no longer be enriched with annotations external to itself. It’s where conversations wither and content goes to stare inwards at itself.

Facebook analyzes the contents of messages sent between users on the platform to better target advertisements. (Virani, 2015).

Facebook uses friends to gather additional information about us. Tagging friends in photos, answering questions about a friend’s marital status are ways we’re tricked into snitching on our friends. (Virani, 2015).

Facebook encourages us to present normative images of our lives, which results in alienation from the actual way we feel. (Krause, 2015).

Increased use of Facebook is linked to depression. (Wald, 2015).

Facebook’s internet.org project was touted to provide internet connected devices and networks in India, but created a Facebook-only view of the internet. (Burrington, 2015).

Facebook abuses our innate tendencies to track our progress and assess our self-worth by comparing ourselves to other people. (Musser, 2015).

Facebook photo data is used by Nashville company Facedeals to identify shoppers in stores with the stores’ own security cameras and facial recognition software. These profiles are then used to increase purchase behavior using personalized promotions and deals. (Dormehl, 2014).

”The problem with the web and its associated technologies is that it has made it so easy to share information about ourselves that doing so begins to feel like an obligation, a sentence, a sisyphean curse; another day, another photo of lunch to post.”

Facebook manipulates our emotions with experiments on the News Feed. (Booth, 2014).

Facebook owns a patent for determining our location by identifying objects in our photos and videos based on neural networks of nearby images. (Facebook, 2014).

Facebook payments is tracking what you buy, and your financial information like bank account and credit card numbers. Facebook has already started sharing data with Mastercard so they can drive online ad sales and determine credit worthiness from platform data. (Head, 2014).

Facebook provided data to NSA as part of the PRISM program. (Greenwald, 2013).

Facebook enables a surveillance apparatus where our every action could be monitored, and since everyone technically violates some obscure law some of the time, then punishment becomes selective and political. (Marlinspike, 2013).

Facebook owns a patent that tracks and determines the types of physical activities of a user based on movement of their device, including walking, running, cycling, driving, skiing, etc. (Facebook, 2013).

Facebook owns a patent for determining our location using non-GPS data including nearby NFC, RFID, wifi, bluetooth signal, events in your calendar like restaurant reservations or concerts. (Facebook, March 2013)

Facebook sells profile data to credit card companies and insurance providers so they can use platform data as indicators for credit and insurance risk. (Hawley, 2012).

Facebook makes it very difficult to quit, using social reciprocity and UX design dark patterns. (Brown, 2010).

Facebook’s CEO Mark Zuckerberg hacked into Harvard Crimson editors’ private email accounts. (Carlson, 2010).

You should delete your Facebook account, but please share this essay before you do 😉!

Bibliography